Famous Forts of India

India is a land of ancient forts and monuments,which describe its deep manifested past. Two forts in India are part of the UNESCO world heritage sites – the Agra fort and the Red fort. Forts and Palaces of India are the country's treasured, present the magnamity of the Royal Kingdoms of India.

CHITTOR GARH FORT

It is said to be built in the 7^th century by a scion of the Mori dynasty. Hence, it finds a place in the lists of the oldest forts. This fort is included in the UNESCO’s World Heritage Site.
The Chittor Garh Fort stands on a 180-metre-high hill which covers an area of about 700 acres. As a result, it came under the direct control of several royal families, e.g. Pratiharas , Paramaras , Solankis and Guhilas.
It has seven gateways and many palaces in the temple inside.
The Kumbha Palacegots its name from Maharana Kumbha,who carried out massive renovation of the structure.The Padmini Palace is located at the northern stretch of Padmini pond.
The Delhi Sultan Alauddin Khilji laid siege to this fort in 1303.
But Khilji remained unsuccessful in his mission and this event became a legend extolling the courage and pride of the Rajputs in protecting their ‘honour ’and defending their territory.

FORT ST. George

The credit for building this fort goes to the British East India Company in Madras(Now in Chennai).
Before, Masulipatam was a major trading centre of the British East India Company in the southern India.
But , when the Company got a permission to build a fort in 1639, the headquarters was moved to Madras.
In this way, Fort St.Geroge became the new headquarters of the Company in the southern India in 1644.
For a short period , in 1746,it came under the control of the French.Nevertheless, the British took control of this fort from the French again in 1748,now it was decided to reconstruct the edifice to build strong defence.
The fort complex has a museum and St.Mary’s church, which is amongst the oldest churches built by the British India.

GWALIOR FORT

The Gwalior fort was built by Raja Man Singh in 16^th century.

This fort spreads over an area of three square kilometers and it stands nearly 100 meters above the city of Gwalior (Madhya Pradesh).
There are six places, three temples and many water tanks in the fort. The fort is surrounded by strong walls of sandstone.
The first Mughal Emperor wrote about it, saying that the Gwalior Fort is ‘the pearl among the fortresses in India’.
The Gwalior Fort remained under the control of many royal families at different times , e.g. the Tomars, the Mughals, the Marathas and the British. Later, the British handed it over to the Scindias.

DAULATABAD FORT

Daulatabad , means ‘the abode of wealth’, is a place which is near Aurangabad (Maharashtra).
The invincible fortress was built in 12 th century by Raja Bhillamraj. Earlier, this fort was famous for Devagiri ,until the time Mohammud-bin-Tughlaq moved his capital from Delhi to Devagiri in 1327,and gave this city a new name-Daulatabad .
This massive impenetrable fort attracted the Delhi Sultan to shift his capital there , holding the fort is the major defence. This fort stands on a 200 – metre conical hill. The thick and lofty walls of the fort have curved façade and are defended by large bastions.
The fort complex houses-temples, mosques, places- most of them now stands in ruins. The forts walls are surrounded by a 40-feet-deep moat and there is a drawbridge that leads to the bonafide citadel.

GOLKONDA FORT

This fort is most significant historic sites located in the Deccan region. Located at 11 km from the city of Hyderabad (Telengana),it was built by the Kakatiyas of Warrangal.
After the downfall of Kakatiyas, this fort was surrendered to the Bahamani Kingdom.
The Bahamani Kingdom declined and spilt into five Deccan sultanate by the 16^th century.
The Qutubshahis of Golkona was a sultanate which retained control of the fort for a long time until their kingdom was subjugated by the Mughal Emperor ,Aurangzeb in the 17^th century .
The Golkanda fort stands on 400-feet-high wall. It has three consecutive fortification walls with a height of over 12 meters.

FORT WILLIAM

It is said to be fortified complex from the colonial era built in Calcatta (now Kolkata) in Bengal province.
The province first of all come under the East India Company on the eastern side of Hooghly river, and this fort got its name after King William III of England.
The construction of old fort was done between 1696 and 1702 with the permission of Nawab. In 1756,Nawab Siraj-ud-Daula invaded Calcutta and laid siege to the fort.
The Company again got control of this fort in 1757, it was decied to demolished the old fort and built the new fort in the southern side. The fort spreads over an area of five square km.
It is made of brick and mortar . Its shape is irregular hexagon.
Five of its side face the land while the other three face the river Hooghly. After 1947, this fort become the headquarters of the Eastern Command of the Indian Army.

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Famous Forts of India